Navigating unethical practices and ethical dilemmas: A qualitative study of middle-level academic leadership in Pakistan

This article presents the qualitative findings of a study investigating the experiences of middle-level academic leaders with unethical practices and ethical dilemmas in their everyday work. An electronic survey was conducted with academic leaders from universities in various cities across Pakistan. The study reveals three key findings. Firstly, the complex environment within universities creates a fertile ground for ethical dilemmas to arise.